A. GRAMMAR
Passive 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A. I was offered.. / we were given... etc
Some verbs can have two objects. For example: give.
- Somebody gave the police the information. (= somebody gave the information to the police.)
object 1 object 2
So it is possible to make two passive sentences:
- The police were given the information. or
- The information was given to the police.
Others verbs which can have two objects are:
ask offer pay show teach tell
When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person:
- I've been offered the job, but I don't think I'll accept it. (=they have offered me thẹ job)
- You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time)
- I didn't see the original document but I was shown a copy. (= somebody showed me)
- Tim has an easy jobs - he's paid a lot of money to do very little. ( = they paid him a lot)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B . I don't like being ...
The passive of doing/seeing etc, is being done / being seen etc. Compare:
active: I don;t like people telling me what to do.
passive: I don't like being told what to do.
- I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child. (= I remember somebody taking me to the zoo)
- Steve hates being kept waiting. (= Steve hates people keeping him waiting)
- We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C . I was born ...
We say 'I was born...' (not 'I am born'):
- I was born in Chicago. (past)
- Where were you born? (not Where are you born) (past)
but
- How many babies are born every day? (present)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D . Get
You can use get instead of be in the passive:
- There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)
- I don't get invited to many parties. (= I'm not invited)
- I'm surprised Liz didn't get offered the job. (= Liz wasn't offered the job)
We use get only when things happen. For example, you cannot use get in these sentences:
- Jessica is liked by everybody. (not get liked, this is not a 'happening')
- Peter was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got known)
We use get in informal spoken English, You can use be in all situations.
We also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in meaning)
get married, get divorced
get lost (= not know where you are)
get dressed (= put on your clothes)
get changed (= change your clothes)
Exercises:
1. Write these sentences in another way, beginning in the way shown.
1. They didn't give me the information I need.
I wasn't given the information I need.
2. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview.
I was asked some difficult questions at the interview.
3. Amy's colleagues gave her a present when she retired.
Amy was given a present by her colleagues when she retired.
4. Nobody told me about the meeting.
I wasn't told about the meeting.
5. How much will they pay you for your work?
How much will you be paid for your work?
6. I think they should have offered Tom the job.
I think Tom should have been offered the job.
7. Has anybody shown you what to do?
Have you been shown what to do?
2. Complete the sentences using being + the following verbs (in the correct form)
give invite keep knock down stick treat
1. Steve hates being kept waiting.
2. We went to the party without being invited.
3. I like giving presents and I also like being given them.
4. It's a busy road and I don't like crossing it. I'm afraid of being knocked down.
5. I'm an adult. I don't like being treated like a child.
6. You can't do anything about being sticked in a traffic jam. - Bạn không thể làm bất cứ điều gì về việc bị mắc kẹt trong ách tắc giao thông.
3. When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year)
1. Walt Disney was born in 1901.
2. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770.
3. Galileo was born in 1564.
4. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
5. Micheal Jackson was born in 1958.
6. Martin Luther King was born in 1929.
7. Elvis Presley was born in 1935.
8. William Shakepeare was born in 1564.
9. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452.2. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770.
3. Galileo was born in 1564.
4. Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
5. Micheal Jackson was born in 1958.
6. Martin Luther King was born in 1929.
7. Elvis Presley was born in 1935.
8. William Shakepeare was born in 1564.
10. And you? I was born in 1994.
4. Complete the sentences using get/got + the following verbs (in the correct form).
New words:
- tennis court: sân quần vợt
- sting - stung - stung: chích/đốt - V2 - V3
__________________________________________________
ask damage hurt pay steal sting stop use------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt.
2. Alex got stung by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
3. These tennis courts don't get used very often. Not many people want to play.
4. I used to have a bicycle, but it got stolen a few months ago.
5. Rachel works hard but doesn't get paid very much.
6. Last night I got stopped by the police as I was driving home. One of the lights on my car wasn't working.
7. Please pack these things very carefully. I don't want them to get damaged.
8. People often want to know what my job is. I get asked that question a lot.
It is said that ... He is said to ... He is supposed to ...
A. Study this example situation.
George is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is. but:
It is said that he is 108 years old.
or He is said to be 108 years old.
Both those sentences mean: 'People say that he is 108 years old.'
We can use these structure with a number of other verbs especially:
alleged believed considered expected known reported thought understood
Compare two structures:
- Cathy loves running. It is said that she runs ten miles a day.
or Cathy loves running. She is said to run ten miles a day.
- The police is looking for a missing boy. It is belived that the boy is wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
or The police is looking for a missing boy. The boy is believed to be wearing a white sweater and blue jeans.
- The strike started three week ago. It is expected that the strike will end soon.
or The strike started three week ago. The strike is expected to end soon.
- A friend of mine has been arrested. It is alleged that he hit the policeman.
or A friend of mine has been arrested. He is alleged to have hit a policeman.
- The two houses belong two the same family. It is said that there is a secret tunnel betwwen them.
or The two houses belong two the same family. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.
These structures are often used in news reports. For example, in a report about an accident.
- It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. ;
or Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B. (Be) supposed to...
Sometimes, (it is) supposed to... = (it is) said to ...
- I want to see that film. It's supposed to be good. (= it is said to be good)
- Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China, it is true?
But sometimes supposed to has a different meaning. We use supposed to to say what is intended, managed, or expected. Often this is different from the real situation.
- The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it. (= the plan is intended to be a secret)
- What are you doing at work? You're supposed to be on holiday.
(= you arranged to be on holiday.
- Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
- Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn't.
- I'd better hurry. I'm supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.
You're not supposed to do something = it is not allowed or advisable.
- You're not supposed to park your car here, It's private parking only.
- Jeff is much better after his illness, but he's not supposed to do any heavy work.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercises:
1. Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word each time.
1. It is expected that the strike will end soon. => The strike is expected to end soon.
2. It is expected that the weather will be good tomorrow.
The weather is expected to be good tomorrow.
3. It's believed that the thieves got in through a window in the roof.
The thieves are believed to get in through a window in the roof.
4. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people are reported to be homeless after the floods.
5. It is thought that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall.
6. It is alleged that the man was driving at 110 miles an hour.
The man is alleged to be driving at 110 miles an hour.
7. It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire.
The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire.
8. a. It is said that the company is losing a lot of money.
The company is said to be losing a lot of money.
b. It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year.
The company is believed to lose a lot of money last year.
c. It is expected that the company will make a lots this year.
The company is expected to make a lots this year.
2. There are a lot of rumours about Alan. Here are some of the things people say about him.
1. Alan speaks ten languages. 2. He knows a lot of famous people.
3. He is very rich. 4. He has twelve children.
5. He was an actor when he was younger.
Nobody is sure whether these things are true. Write sentences about Alan using 'supposed to...'
1. Alan is supposed to speak ten languages.
2. He is supposed to know a lot of famous people.
3. He is supposed to be very rich.
4. He is supposed to have twelve children.
5. He is supposed to be an actor when he was younger.
3. Complete the sentences using 'supposed to be' + the following.
on a diet a flower my friend a joke a secret working
1. How is it that everybody seems to know about the plan? It is supposed to be a secret.
2. You shouldn't criticise me all the time. You're supposed to be my friend.
3. I shouldn't be eating this cake really. I'm supposed to be on a diet.
4. I'm sorry for what I said. I was trying to be funny. It's supposed to be a joke.
5. What's this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it's supposed to be a flower?
6. You shouldn't reading the paper now. You are supposed to be working.
4. Write sentences with 'supposed to' + the following verbs
block depart park phone start
Use the negative (not supposed to) where necessary.
1. You're not supposed to park here. It's private parking only.
2. We're supposed to start work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
3. Oh, I was supposed to phone Helen last night, but I completely forgot.
4. This door is a fire exit. You're not supposed to block it.
5. My flight was supposed to depart at 11.30, but it was an hour late.
Have something done.......................................................................................
A Study this example situation.
The roof of Lisa's house was damaged in a storm. So she called a builder, and yesterday a man came and repaired it.
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
This mean Lisa arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn't repair it herself.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
We use 'have something done' to say that we arranged for somebody else to do something for us.
Compare:
- Lisa repaired the roof. (= she repaired it herself)
- Lisa had a roof repaired. (= she arranged for somebody else to repaired it.)
- Did you make those curtains yourself? Yes, I enjoy making things.
- Did you have those curtains made? No, I made them myself.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B Be careful with word order. The past participle (repaired, cut, etc.) is after the object.
C Get something done
You can also say 'get something done' instead of 'have something done':
- When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)
- I think you should get your hair cut really short.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
D Sometimes 'have something done' has different meaning. For example:
- Paul and Karen had their bags stolen while they were travelling.
This doesn't mean that they arranged for somebody to steal their bags. 'They had their bags stolen.' means only 'Their bags were stolen'
With this meaning, we can use 'have something done' to say that something happens to somebody or their belongings. Often what happens is not nice.
- Gary had his nose broken in a fight. =(his nose was broken)
- Have you ever had your bike stolen?
========================================================================
Exercises:
1. Tick (✅) the correct sentence, (a) or (b) for each picture.
1. (a) Sarah is cutting her hair.
(b) Sarah is having her hair cut. ✅
2. (a) Bill is cutting his hair. ✅
(b) Bill is having his hair cut.
3. (a) John is cleaning his shoes. ✅
(b) John is having his shoes cleaned.
4. (a) Sue is taking a picture.
(b) Sue is having her picture taken. ✅
2. Put the verbs in the correct order.
1. had / a few weeks ago / the house / we / painted
=> We had the house painted a few weeks ago.
2. serviced / her car / Sarah / once a year / has
=> Sarah has her car serviced once a year.
3. twelve pounds / have / cleaned / it / my suit / cost / to
=> My suit cost twelve pounds to have it cleaned.
4. my eyes / I / two years ago / had / tested / the last time / was
=> The last time I had my eyes tested was two years ago.
5. had / in the kitchen / fitted / some new cupboards / we've
=> We've had some new cupboard fitted in the kitchen.
6. as soon as possible / need / translated / we / to get / this document
=> We need to get translated this document as soon as possible.
3. Write sentences in the way shown.
1. Lisa didn't repair the roof herself. She had it repaired.
2. I didn't cut my hair myself. I had it cut.
3. We didn't clean the carpets ourselves. We had them cleaned.
4. John didn't build that wall himself. He had it built.
5. I didn't deliver the flowers myself. I had them delivered.
4. Use the words in brackets to complete the sentences. Use the structure 'have something done'
1. We have the house painted (we / the house / paint) this week.
2. I lost my key. I'll have to have another key made. (another key / make)
3. When was the last time you have your hair cut? (you / your hair / cut)
4. Do you have a newspaper delivered (you / a newspaper / deliver) to your house every day, or do you go out and buy one?
5. A: What's happening in your garden?
B: Oh, we're having a garage built. (we / a garage / build).
6. A: Have you had the washing machine fixed? (you / the washing machine / fix)
B: Not yet. There's someone coming to look at it next week.
7. If you want to wear earring, why don't you have your ears pierced? (you / your ears / pierce)
Now use 'have something done' with it's second meaning (see section D)
8. Gary was in a fight last night. He had his nose broken. (he / his nose / break)
9. Did I tell you about Jane? She had her credit cards stolen. (she / her credit cards / steal)
10. Security was very strict at the airport. We all had our bags searched. (we all / our bags / search)
B: Oh, we're having a garage built. (we / a garage / build).
6. A: Have you had the washing machine fixed? (you / the washing machine / fix)
B: Not yet. There's someone coming to look at it next week.
7. If you want to wear earring, why don't you have your ears pierced? (you / your ears / pierce)
Now use 'have something done' with it's second meaning (see section D)
8. Gary was in a fight last night. He had his nose broken. (he / his nose / break)
9. Did I tell you about Jane? She had her credit cards stolen. (she / her credit cards / steal)
10. Security was very strict at the airport. We all had our bags searched. (we all / our bags / search)
